In Bethlehem of Judea Deconstructing the myth of a Palestinian Jesus Most Christians who have answered the call to live and serve in Israel sorely miss our families back home during the Christmas season. The position is one of natural strength; it was occupied by a garrison of the Philistines in the days of David (2 Sa 23:14; 1 Ch 11:16) and was fortified by Rehoboam (2 Ch 11:6). Greek Orthodox priests, Palestinian Pres. Bethlehem of Judea is a city of 25,000 today. To Bethlehem came Samuel to anoint a successor to unworthy Saul (1 Sa 16:4): “David went to and fro from Saul to feed his father’s sheep at Bethlehem” (1 Sa 17:15). Bethlehem Judah, or EPHRATH or EPHRATHAH (which see) is now Beit Lahm (Arabic = “house of meat”), a town of upward of 10,000 inhabitants, 5 miles S. of Jerusalem and 2,350 ft. above sea level. “Bethlehem” in Hebrew means the “house” ( bet) of “bread” ( lehem ). A large proportion of the town’s population is Christian. Download. But we certainly don’t miss the commercialization of the holidays. Mahmoud Abbas, and worshippers gathered for mass at the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, West Bank. (2017) town, 28,248; Bethlehem, Bayt Jālā, and Bayt Sāḥūr conurbation, 54,728. Corrections? Expand Favorite. It was referred to by the angel as the City of David where Christ (the Messiah) was born as predicted by the prophet Micah in the 8th century BC. Bethlehem of Judah was a small Jewish village in the first century where Jesus, the Messiah born and today is one of most important city in the Palestinian Territory. Bethlehem is not naturally well supplied with water, the nearest spring is 800 yds. Bethlehem of Judea "Bethlehem of Judea" [so the Greek text of Matthew 2:1, erroneously corrected by St. Jerome to Bethlehem of Juda, thinking that the Evangelist had in his original text conformed to the Old Testament usage (Judges 17:7, 19:1; 1 Samuel 17:12)], is much more celebrated than its northern namesake as the birthplace of David, and above all, of Our Lord. The town of Bethlehem of Judea, about six miles south of Jerusalem, has always been considered the birthplace of Jesus. The Bible tells us that Bethlehem Ephratah was the birthplace of King David (1 Samuel 16:1-18). Bethlehem and its suburbs have many churches, convents, schools, and hospitals supported by Christian denominations the world over. From this town came those famous “sons of Zeruiah,” David’s nephews, whose loyalty and whose ruthless cruelty became at once a protection and a menace to their royal relative: in 2 Sa 2:32 it is mentioned that one of them, Asahel, was buried “in the sepulchre of his father, which was in Bethlehem.” “Bethlehem,” ISBE, n.p. The town forms a conurbation with adjoining Bayt Jālā, to the northwest, and Bayt Sāḥūr, to the southeast. The whole area is quite hilly. Bethlehem is within the boundaries of Palestine. In modern times, Bethlehem was administered as part of the British mandate of Palestine (1920–48; see Palestine: The British mandate); after the first of the Arab-Israeli wars (1948–49), it was in the territory annexed by Jordan in 1950 and placed in al-Quds (Jerusalem) muḥāfaẓah (governorate). Pop. It is the setting for most of the Book of Ruth and was the presumed birthplace, and certainly the home, of Ruth’s descendant King David; there he was anointed king of Israel by the prophet Samuel (I Samuel 16). They are under the Palestinian Authority. Here is a picture of the Judean hill country. Bethlehem of Judea, the Birthplace of Jesus-West from Church of Nativity, Palestine Public Domain. also known as: Bethlehemjudah, Bethlehem of Juda, Bethlehem of Judea, Bethlehem-Ephratah, Ephratah, Ephrath, City of David Situated in the hill country, it was originally called Ephratah/Ephrath , meaning “fruitful” ( Genesis 35:16 , 19 ; 48:7 ; Ruth 4:11 ), and its citizens were called Ephrathites . During the Jewish return to Palestine after the Babylonian Exile (516 bce and following), the town was repopulated; later a Roman garrison was there during the Second Jewish Revolt led by Bar Kokhba (135 ce). “In Bethlehem in Judea,” they replied, “for this is what the prophet has written: 6 ‘But you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for out of you will come a ruler who will shepherd my people Israel.’ ” Matthew 2:5,6 . For we saw His star in the east and have come to worship Him.” 3 When Herod the king heard this, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him. Noté /5. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. David himself “was the son of that Ephrathite of Bethlehem-judah, whose name was Jesse” (1 Sa 17:12). Updates? The surrounding country is fertile, cornfields, fig and olive yards and vineyards abound. 1Now after Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, magi from the east arrived in Jerusalem, saying, 2“Where is He who has been born King of the Jews? Bethlehem is an agricultural market and trade town that is closely linked to nearby Jerusalem. During the time of Jesus the village of Bethlehem was located in the hill country of Judea around 5 miles south of Jerusalem. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Manger Square and the Church of the Nativity during the traditional Christmas procession in Bethlehem, West Bank. Currently you have JavaScript disabled. Ancient period. Aviram Oshri is right that, in Luke’s Gospel, it made no sense for Joseph to take the heavily pregnant Mary all the way from Nazareth in Galilee to Bethlehem in Judea, especially as the Romans would never have counted a woman. Retrouvez Title: Legends of Judea and Samaria Bethlehem Hebron Jeri et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. 328), mother of the first Christian Roman emperor (Constantine I), had a church built over the cave; later destroyed, it was rebuilt in substantially its present form by Emperor Justinian (reigned 527–565). Then Herod called the magi secretly and ascertained from them the time of the star's appearance. Physicist: 'Star of Bethlehem' may have been planetary alignment. The New Testament identifies Bethlehem as the birthplace of Jesus. During the Crusades, Bethlehem became of great importance and prosperity; it remained in Christian hands after the overthrow of the Latin kingdom, and at the present day it is in material things one of the most prosperous Christian centers in the Holy Land. Bethlehem-judah (3 Occurrences) Ruth 1:1 And it came to pass in the days when the judges judged, that there was a famine in the land. In the NT Bethlehem is mentioned as the birthplace of the Messiah Jesus (Mt 2:1,5; Lk 2:4,25) in consequence of which event occurred Herod’s “massacre of the innocents” (Mt 2:8,26). But we certainly don’t miss the commercialization of the holidays. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. media ; Most Christians who have answered the call to live and serve in Israel sorely miss our families back home during the Christmas season. The poem "Bethlehem of Judea" recited by the Gingerbread Man. Several initiatives were undertaken in the early 21st century to encourage local economic development through renewed tourism by Western pilgrims. In Bethlehem of Judea," they told him, "because this is what was written by the prophet: American Standard Version And they said unto him, In Bethlehem of Judaea: for thus it is written through the prophet, Contemporary English Version They told him, "He will be born in Bethlehem, just as the prophet wrote, Douay-Rheims Bible But they said to him: In Bethlehem of Juda. Bethlehem of Judaea, as today’s Scripture teaches, is “little among the thousands of Judah” (a little-known village). David’s “three mighty men” “brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Beth-lehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David” (2 Sa 23:14,16). For a long time the town has been important as a pilgrimage and tourist centre, although, in the decades following the Six-Day War, tourism and pilgrimage were frequently affected by the ongoing conflict. Bethlehem University (1973) offers instruction in both Arabic and English. The town has been a monastic centre for centuries; St. Jerome built a monastery there and, with the aid of Palestinian rabbis, translated the Old Testament into Latin from the original Hebrew (5th century ce). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The site had already been sacred to … and S. It is just off the main road to Hebron and the S., but upon the highroad to Tekoa and En-gedi. In order to post comments, please make sure JavaScript and Cookies are enabled, and reload the page. The site of the Nativity of Jesus was identified by St. Justin Martyr, a 2nd-century Christian apologist, as a manger in “a cave close to the village”; the cave, now under the nave of the Church of the Nativity in the heart of the town, has been continuously venerated by Christians since then. This, together with the New Testament, which he had translated from the Greek before going to Palestine, constitutes the Vulgate, the standard Latin translation of the Bible used by the Roman Catholic Church. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In 1995 Israel ceded control of Bethlehem to the newly established Palestinian Authority in preparation for a two-state solution. After the Six-Day War of 1967, it was part of the Israeli-occupied territory of the West Bank. The town was fortified by Rehoboam, David’s grandson and the first king of Judah after the division of the state between Israel and Judah (II Chronicles 11). Bethlehem or House of Bread is the born village of Yeshua, Jesus, the Messiah. Today, approximately 60,000 people live in and around the broader Bethlehem area. They said to him, "In Bethlehem of Judea, for thus it has been written through the prophet: And you, Bethlehem, land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; since from you shall come a ruler, who is to shepherd my people Israel." Bethlehem, a small village in Judea, generally experienced the same historical events as the entire Holy Land, so for a detailed acquaintance, one should turn to the history of Israel. Palestine is in Israel, but not actually part of Israel. vovan | Shutterstock. Bethlehem was also the hometown of Ruth’s father-in-law, Elimelech, and where she met Boaz, her kinsman redeemer. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Located in the Galilee near Kiryat Tivon, around 10 kilometers north-west of Nazareth and 30 kilometers east of Haifa, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Jezreel Valley Regional Council. Bethlehem Judah, or EPHRATH or EPHRATHAH (which see) is now Beit Lahm (Arabic = “house of meat”), a town of upward of 10,000 inhabitants, 5 miles S. of Jerusalem and 2,350 ft. above sea level. The modern moshav is located at the site of the ancient Israelite settlement known as Bethlehem of Zebulun or Berlehem Zoria. In Bethlehem of Judea Deconstructing the myth of a Palestinian Jesus. Click here for instructions on how to enable JavaScript in your browser. The … Click here for instructions on how to enable JavaScript in your browser. According to the New Testament, Joseph and Mary were living in … Christian theology has linked this with the belief that his birth there fulfills the Old Testament prophecy of Israel’s future ruler coming from Bethlehem Ephrathah (Micah 5:2). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Constantine (circa 330) founded a basilica over the cave-stable which tradition pointed out as the scene of the birth, and his church, unchanged in general structure though enlarged by Justinian and frequently adorned, repaired and damaged, remains today the chief attraction of the town. Judea was part of the Hill Country though it contained four other regions, The coastal plain, the Shephelah (lowlands near the coast), the Negev (southland), and the wilderness. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Bethlehem became part of Jund Filastin following the Muslim conquest in 637. The hill country was a rough stony land with deep ravines rising 2500 feet to the open … Bethlehem of Judah is on the ridge of the Judean Hills and near the desert, thus a place of emptiness, of humility. ... King Herod, who was the ruler in Judea, plotted to kill the baby-king by ordering the slaughter of all male children two years old and younger in Bethlehem and surrounding areas (Matthew 2:16–18). Present-Day Bethlehem . Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The Church of the Nativity is thus one of the oldest Christian churches extant. Bethlehem in Judea, the famous one, is located 5 miles (8 km) south of Jerusalem, near the ancient main road to Hebron (and even Egypt, if one was going further). Some modern New Testament scholars believe parts of the Gospel accounts to be later accretions and hold that Jesus was born in Nazareth, his childhood home, but normative Christian belief has sanctified Bethlehem as Jesus’ birthplace for almost two millennia. It was quite an experience going to Bethlehem. Muslim rule continued in Bethlehem until its conquest in 1099 by a crusading army, … It occupies an outstanding position upon a spur running E. from the watershed with deep valleys to the N.E. Aviram Oshri, a senior archaeologist with the Israeli Antiquities Authority, supports this claim, but other researchers at the same institution reject it. And he sent them to Bethlehem, and said, Go and search diligently for the young child; and when ye have found him, bring me word again, that I may come and worship him also. The winter months in Bethlehem are from November to March and although it does get cold the Bethlehem winter weather is still warm compared to European winters. Bethlehem is one of the most ancient cities on Earth. Bethlehem is called the city of David in the Old Testament and the City of the Messiah in the New Covenant. Is small jewish village of ancient Judea comes to be the most important christian site in the Palestinians Territory today controlled by Arabs, Qasr el Yahud, the Baptism Site in Jordan River, Mount Moriah or the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, The Western Wall or Wailing Wall in Jerusalem. It was founded around the XVII-XVI centuries BC in the land of Canaan. “Bethlehem,” ISBE, n.p. And a certain man of Bethlehem-judahwent to sojourn in the country of Moab, he, and his wife, and his two sons. Bethlehem, Arabic Bayt Laḥm (“House of Meat”), Hebrew Bet Leḥem (“House of Bread”), town in the West Bank, situated in the Judaean Hills 5 miles (8 km) south of Jerusalem. An ancient settlement, it is possibly mentioned in the Amarna Letters (14th-century-bce diplomatic documents found at Tell el-Amarna, Egypt), but the reading there is uncertain. in . Bethlehem of Galilee is a moshav in northern Israel. Bethlehem, Arabic Bayt Laḥm (“House of Meat”), Hebrew Bet Leḥem (“House of Bread”), town in the West Bank, situated in the Judaean Hills 5 miles (8 km) south of Jerusalem. Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judaea in the days of Herod the king, behold, there came wise men from the east to Jerusalem. It is first mentioned in the Armana letters fourteen centuries BCE. to the S.E., but for many centuries the “low level aqueduct” from “Solomon’s Pools” in the Artas valley, which has here been tunneled through the hill, has been tapped by the inhabitants; there are also many rock-cut cisterns. In this story of the destitute widow and the Bethlehem man who later married, protected, and provided for her, we see a picture of Jesus, our kinsman redeemer. Bethlehem is sacred to all three religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. According to the Gospels (Matthew 2; Luke 2), Bethlehem was the site of the Nativity of Jesus Christ. The celestial event … Due to its proximity to Nazareth, one historian believes that it is the Bethlehem where Jesus of Nazareth was born. Two thousand years ago, it was a small town of a few hundred to perhaps one thousand residents. Bethlehem (House of Bread - House of Lahmu) is located about 10 Kilometers (6 miles) southwest of Jerusalem by the hill country of Judea on the way to Hebron. Pope Tawadros II Defends Western Coptic Orthodox Church; Metropolitan Bishop Serapion 2021 Festal Letter For The Glorious Feast of Nativity; H.G. It occupies an outstanding position upon a spur running E. from the watershed with deep valleys to the N.E. In the Bible the city is often referred to as Bethlehem Ephrathah, or Bethlehem-Judah. The church was later divided between the Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Armenian Orthodox faiths. St. Helena (c. 248–c. Why was the town where Jesus will be born named “Bethlehem”? Then Herod called the Magi secretly and found out from them the exact time the star had appeared. Matthew 2:1 - Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judaea in the days of Herod the king, behold, there came wise men from the east to Jerusalem. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Bethlehem, Jewish Virtual Library - Bethlehem, West Bank, Bethlehem - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Bethlehem - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Bethlehem is first mentioned in the Bible in connection with Rachel, who died on the wayside near there (Genesis 35:19). Achetez neuf ou d'occasion Today we journeyed to Bethlehem. Bethlehem is a collection of very fertile villages that grows almonds and, more importantly, olives for oil. Frequent conflicts have arisen over the jurisdiction of various faiths at the sacred site, often incited by outside interests; thus, for example, the theft in 1847 of the silver star marking the exact traditional locus of the Nativity was an ostensible factor in the international crisis over the holy places that ultimately led to the Crimean War (1854–56). In 2016 it had a population of 788. This Bethlehem is also known in modern times as Beit Lahm, Arabic for "house of meat" or "house of flesh". And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, He shall be called a Nazarene. Omissions? Bishop Mina 2021 Canadian Pastoral Letter For The Glorious Feast of Nativity Bethlehem of Judea. and S. John Burger-published on 12/15/20. According to the Gospels (Matthew 2; Luke 2), Bethlehem was the site of the Nativity of Jesus Christ. Ruth, famous chiefly as the ancestress of David, and of the Messiah, settled in Bethlehem with her second husband Boaz, and it is noticeable that from her new home she could view the mountains of Moab, her native land. Galilee is an open region, open to the nations, less arid, with vegetation, water…. Bethlehem, meaning "house of bread," was also the renowned City of David. The manufacture of religious articles, chiefly of mother-of-pearl, is a traditional industry, as is the carving of olive wood. Tradition still points out the well. Inasmuch as Hadrian devastated Bethlehem and set up there a sacred grove to Adonis (Jerome, Ep. Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, behold, wise men from the East came to Jerusalem, saying, 2 “Where is he who has been born king of the Jews? January 1, 2016 ~ aforenceeastsidecatholicorg. ad Paul, lviii.3) it is clear that veneration of this spot as the site of the Nativity must go back before 132 AD. 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