Francis Day and his superior Andrew Cogan can be considered as the founders of Madras (now Chennai). The present parts of Chennai like Poonamalee (ancient Tamil name - Poo Iruntha valli), Triplicane (ancient Tamil name - Thiru alli keni) are mentioned in Tamil bhakti literature of the 6th - 9th centuries.Thomas Pitt became the Governor of Madras in 1698 and governed for eleven years. Although the British had lost most of their well-populated, industrious, and wealthy North American colonies, after a decade's feud with the French, they were securely in control of Madras and most of the Indian trade. The Chennai area has always attracted seafarers, spice traders and cloth merchants. The region was then a part of the Vijayanagara Empire, then headquartered at Chandragiri in present-day Andhra Pradesh. A popular explanation is that the name comes from the name of Damarla Chennappa Nayakudu, Nayaka of Chandragiri and Vandavasi, father of Damarla Venkatadri Nayakudu, from whom the English acquired the town in 1639. Built in the early 19th century by the Wallajah family of the Carnatic rulers, it is till date a popular gathering place for the daily prayers and festive occasions like Muharram. John Binny came to Madras in 1797 and he established the textile company Binny & Co in 1814. They appointed chieftains to look after the Kanchipuram region. The next year, flush with funds won from the original British owners who had capitalized the bank, he organized a group of Chettiar merchants to found Indian Bank, with which he funded new Indian enterprises and broke into the previously closed ranks of the British financial system. By 1646, the settlement had reached 19,000 persons and with the Portuguese and Dutch populations at their forts substantially more. Chennai, formerly known as Madras, is the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu and is India`s fourth largest city. They requested Day and the Damarla Venkatadri Nayakadu to wait until the sanction of the superior English Presidency of Bantam in Java could be obtained for their action. During the reorganisation of states in India on linguistic lines, in 1953, Telugu speakers wanted Madras as the capital of Andhra Pradesh[10] and coined the slogan "Madras Manade" (Madras is ours). 1st century CE was ruled under the Cholas. Under this Charter, the British and Protestant inhabitants were granted the rights of self-government and independence from company law. The present-day city of Chennai started in 1644 as an English settlement known as Fort St. George. In the 17th century, the English East India Company decided to build a factory on the east coast and in 1626 selected its site as Armagon (Dugarazpatnam), a village some 35 miles north of Pulicat. 135 History jobs available in Chennai, Tamil Nadu on Indeed.com. In the latter half of the 18th century, Madras became an important British naval base, and the administrative centre of the growing British dominions in southern India. While it has an industrial core in Chennai… This only furthered to mitigate continued British settlement. The Raja, Venkatapathy Rayulu, was succeeded by his nephew Sri Rangarayulu in 1642, and Sir Francis Day was succeeded by Thomas Ivy. History of Chennai . Thereafter in a nod to the declining fortunes of the British textile owners and skilled workers who were still extant in the city, the Madras Trades Association was established in 1856, by which the old colonial families still involved in the skilled and textile trades were granted entry into the British and Indian financial trade system. The 2004 tsunami lashed the shores of Chennai killing many. Bappaswami, who is considered as the ruler to rule from Kanchipuram, was himself a chieftain (of the tract around) at Kanchipuram under the Satavahana empire in the beginning of the 3rd century. Additionally, the pre-city area of Chennai has a long history within the records of South Indian Empires. In the early 17th century Beri Thimmappa of the Puragiri Kshatriya (Perike) caste migrated to the locality from Palacole, near Machilipatnam in Andhra Pradesh. Under Hindu caste code, as well as English Common Law, it is unlikely that Fort St. George was built upon the village of Madraspatnam and its inhabitants incorporated into the new town. In 1746, Fort St George and Madras were captured at last. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the fifth most populous city in India. Currently, the nomenclature of the area is in a state of controversy. Film historian and writer Theodore Baskaran, who retired as the Chief Postmaster General of Tamil Nadu, explains how Chennai … It’s a bustling Indian city home to many sea beaches, British colonial architecture, newly developed markets, and some of the oldest temples in the world. This was also surrounded by a wall. Kiriburu is situated in the state of Jharkhand. The Pallavas held sway over this region from the beginning of the 3rd century to the closing years of the 9th century, except for the interval of some decades when the region was under the Kalabhras. They were knowledgeable in all fields Here is our first application on Sidhdhargal History in Tamil. However, it is widely recorded that while the official center of the present settlement was designated Fort St. George, the British applied the name Madras to a new large city which had grown up around the Fort including the "White Town" consisting principally of British settlers, and "Black Town" consisting of principally Catholic Europeans and allied Indian minorities. R S Krishnasamy, better known by his pseudonym Vallikannan, whose centenary is this year, stood for freedom in contemporary Tamil literature. vayiratharayan of Virukanbakkam alias Chenninallur. Chintadrepettah Madras City Francis Day history and heritage of Chennai city History of Chennai in 1700s. The British regained control in 1749 through the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. The face of the new-verse movement was a frail looking writer who spoke through his strong characters. In fact, as the greater concentration of capital wrecked what remained of old East Indian middle class, the city principally became a large housing development for huge numbers of workers. Therefore, because of the fort's proximity or origin to the village of Mandraspatnam, and the fort's centrality to the development of the city, the British settlers of the city later named their settlement Madras in honour of it. He was also an influential Nayak ruler under the Vijayanagara King Peda Venkata Raya then based in Chandragiri-Vellore Fort, was in-charge of the area of present Chennai city when the English East India Company arrived to establish a factory in the area.[2][3]. It is a Shaivite place of offering worships with idols and rock-cut images of Lord Shiva and other Hindu deities. During the function, Rahul said, “I have specially come here since Tamil culture, language and history is important for the future of India and it needs to be respected by everyone in India. [13], Various etymologies have been posited for the name, Chennai or Chennapattanam. Clear[x] 5 ★ Rediscover History at Alamparai Fort. Damarla Venkatadri Nayakudu, the local governor of the Vijayanagar Empire and Nayaka of Wandiwash (Vandavasi), ruled the coastal part of the region, from Pulicat to the Portuguese settlement of San Thome. The History of Tamil Nadu dates back to 6000 years. However, there are city records of their existence long afterward, and it has been suggested that the present government may still hold them. Since its establishment as a city in 1639, English was the official language of the city. Their small fortified settlement quickly attracted other East Indian traders and as the Dutch position collapsed under hostile Indian power they also slowly joined the settlement. The crisis also imperiled Parry & Co and Binny & Co, but both found rescuers. 162 Related Articles [filter] Aditya I. Controversially, in an attempt to revise history and justify renaming the city as Chennai, the ruling party has purged the history of the early English Madras settlements. As more and more Indians arrived from the countryside to work in the city, the British and other Europeans found it increasingly difficult to establish or maintain independent wealth as they had during the early East Indian regime. Over time, Indians also arrived in ever greater numbers and soon, the Portuguese and other non-Protestant Christian Europeans were outnumbered. The grant expired, and Ivy sent Factor Greenhill on a mission to Chandragiri to meet the new Raja and to get the grant renewed. The capital of the province was Kancheepuram. He was for the language of expression that breaks away from conventional norms. [11] The dispute arose as over the preceding hundred years, the early British, European workers and small cottage capitalists had been replaced in large part by both Tamil and Telugu speaking people. Chennai, formerly known as Madras, is the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu and is India's fifth largest city. Founded in 1644 and also known as the white town, Fort St George is the place from where East India Company used to work. Instead, being the gateway of trade and the centre of the economy of the region, the English settlement and their fort of 1639–40, which was the basis for the presently named city of Chennai, was likely called Madras as well by the rest of India. To further consolidate their position, the Company combined the various settlements around an expanded Fort St. George, which including its citadel also included a larger outside area surrounded by an additional wall. On 20 August 1639, Francis Day of the East India Company along with Damerla Venkatadri Nayakadu traveled to Chandragiri palace to meet the Vijayanagara King Peda Venkata Raya and to obtain a grant for a small strip of land in the Coromandel Coast from in Chandragiri as a place to build a factory and warehouse for their trading activities. Angry 13%. The English Factors at Masulipatam were satisfied with Francis Day's work. Owing to the city's rich musical and cultural traditions, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has included Chennai in its Creative Cities Network. During the course of the late 17th century, both plague and genocidal warfare reduced the population of the colony dramatically. Other prominent companies in the city included Gordon Woodroffe, Best & Crompton, Higginbotham's, Hoe & Co and P. Orr & Sons. Although the original inhabitants of Madras and responsible for its growth into the modern metropolis of today, the British and European nationals are virtually non-existent. Chennai is an Indian city in the south of the country. By the end of 1783, the great 18th century wars which saw the British and French battle from Europe to North America and from the Mediterranean to India, resulted in the British being in complete control of the city's regional and most of South India area. Therefore, from 1965 to 1967, the city saw agitations against this two language (Hindi and local language) policy, and witnessed sporadic rioting. While most of the original city of Madras was built and settled by Europeans, the surrounding area which was later incorporated included the native temples of Thiruvanmiyur, Thiruvotriyur, Thiruvallikeni (Triplicane), and Thirumayilai (Mylapore) which have existed for more than 2000 years. The demands for the immediate creation of a Telugu-speaking state were met with after Tirupati was included in Andhra State and after the leaders who led the movement were convinced to give up their claim on Madras. The region was often called by different names as madrapupatnam, madras kuppam, madraspatnam, and madirazpatnam as adopted by locals. Ancient Tamil Nadu contained three monarchical states, headed by kings called Ventar and several tribal chieftaincies, headed by the chiefs called by the general denomination Vel or Velir.During the third century BCE, the Deccan was part of the Mauryan kingdom, and from the middle of the first century BCE to second century CE the same area was ruled by the Satavahana dynasty. 36 History Part Time jobs available in Chennai, Tamil Nadu on Indeed.com. After India gained independence in 1947, Chennai became the capital of Madras State. India. Lastly, while the Fort St. George, White Town, and Black Town areas were fully incorporated together by the late 18th century, and was known as Madras, Chennapatnam was its own separate entity existing under the authority of Fort St. George well into the 19th century. Popular Articles. In turn, the Madras Stock Exchange was established in 1920. The city has changed its boundaries as well as the geographic limits of its quarters several times, principally as a result of raids by surrounding Hindu and Muslim powers. Chennai, the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, not just offers a wide range of tourist spots but is also steeped in cultural history and ancient works of art. This new grant is important regarding the legal and civic development of the English settlement. The British also fought four wars with the Kingdom of Mysore under Hyder Ali and later his son Tipu Sultan, which led to their eventual domination of India's south. Kiriburu is a residential locale in West Singhbhum district and is situated at a height of 4,300ft from man sea level. Beri Thimmappa, Francis Day's dubash (interpreter), was a close friend of Damarla Ayyappa Nayakudu. The Pallavas were defeated by the Cholas under Aditya I by about 879 and the region was brought under the Chola rule. The medieval period of the history of the Tamil country saw the rise and fall of many kingdoms, some of whom went on to the extent of empires, exerting influences both in India and overseas. Learn more about the history and characteristics of Chennai in this article. The development of a harbour in Madras led the city to become an important centre for trade between India and Europe in the 18th century. Modern Chennai had its origins as a colonial city and its initial growth was closely tied to its importance as an artificial harbour and trading center. Dhanu. The first Grant of Damarla Venkatadri Nayakudu makes mention of the village of Madraspatnam as incorporated into East India lands but not of Chennapatnam. This place was supposedly named so by Damarla Venkatadri Nayakudu, Nayak of Vandavasi in remembrance of his father Damarla Chennappa Nayakudu. It is one of the twin hill stations along with Meghahatuburu. Chennai, formerly known as Madras, is the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu and is India's fifth largest city. Nonetheless, as any purview of the city's and other major metropolitan cemeteries of India can attest, hundreds of thousands came to India between the 1600s (decade) and 1770s and later another million more came between 1770 and 1870. This new grant laid the foundation for the expansion of Madras into its present form. History of chennai Chennai and the nearby regions have contributed to the country as a great military, administrative and financial centre for centuries together. [14], Chennai's earlier name of Madras is similarly mired in controversy. In 1639, the local Indian rulers granted the East India Company a parcel of land upon which a fort was built as a residence for British settlers. Eventually, after additional provocations from Golkonda, the British pushed back until they defeated him. NATION'S EXISTENCE A hundred years ago, we don't have a recognized nation called India, it was all federation of various kingdoms, dynasties that defined and collectively called as region of hindustan, at some places as India. Subsequent to Ilam Tiraiyan, the region was ruled by the Chola Prince Ilam Killi. With an estimated population of 8.9 million (2014), the 400-year-old city is the 31st largest metropolitan area in the world. In 1906, the city experienced a financial crisis with the failure of its leading merchant bank, Arbuthnot & Co. He was the local governor for the last Raja of Chandragiri, Sri Ranga Raya VI of Vijayanagar Empire. [50] Tondaimandalam was ruled in the 2nd century CE by Tondaiman Ilam Tiraiyan, who was a representative of the Chola family at Kanchipuram. The modern city of "Chennai" arose from the British settlement of Fort St. George and its subsequent expansion through merging numerous native villages and European settlements around Fort St. George into the city of Madras. History of Chennai encompasses the events of the south Indian history, colonialism and then the massive growth of the city during the 20th century. The Cholas who were very active during the Sangam age were entirely absent during the first few centuries. In turn they resettled the non-European merchants and their families and workers, almost entirely Muslim or of various Hindu castes outside of the newly expanded "White Town". Dhanu is widely believed to have been an LTTE member. As stipulated by the Treaty signed with the Nayak, the British and other Christian Europeans were not allowed to decorate the outside of their buildings in any other color but white. The original building which housed Spencer & Co. was burnt down in a fire in 1983 and the present structure houses one of the largest shopping malls in India, Spencer Plaza. Sign up to receive our newsletter in your inbox every day! Further militating against the name "Chennai", Chennapatnam was the name in later years of an area explicitly detailed as having been incorporated of native villages, European plantations, and European merchant houses outside of the combined city of Madras consisting of Fort St. George, and White and Black Town. Copyright © Jupiter Infomedia Ltd. All rights reserved including the right to reproduce the contents in whole or in part in any form or medium without the express written permission of Jupiter Infomedia Ltd. Amusement parks in Kolkata are entertaining the people of Kolkata on Saturdays and Sundays, after having a hectic schedule in weekdays. Great 53%. History of Chennai encompasses the events of the south Indian history, colonialism and then the massive growth of the city during the 20th century. Always a tiny minority in comparison with the vast Indian population of the hinterlands, despite slow growth in natural birthrate and continued settlement, the British and European populations were made an ever-decreasing share of their city's populations. Nonetheless, the Fort and its surrounding walls remained under British control who slowly rebuilt their colony with additional colonists despite another mass murder of Europeans in Black Town by anti-colonialists agitated by Golkonda and plague in the 1670s. The English soon realized that the port Armagon was unsuitable for trade purposes. Most of these were recruited as cheap labor from the relatively poor Telugu nationality, which in turn enraged the Tamil nationals who were originally the working and middle class settlers of Madras in the late 18th century. Part of the fortune that he amassed in Madras as part of the colonial administration became the financial foundation for Yale University. After the fall of Golkonda in 1687, the region came under the rule of the Mughal Emperors of Delhi who in turn granted new Charters and territorial borders for the area. All three grants are said to have been engraved on gold plates which were later reported to have been plundered, disappearing during one of the genocides of the English colony. More than 2000 years ago, its residents engaged with Chinese, Greek, Phoenician, Roman and Babylonian traders. In 2004, An 'Indian Ocean Tsunami' altered the coastline of Chennai permanently, killing many and leaving thousands of hundreds homeless. This period witnessed remarkable development of trade and increase in wealth resulting in the building of many fine houses, mansions, housing developments, an expanded port and city complete with new city walls, and various churches and schools for the British colonists and missionary schools for the local Indian population. 10 Best historical places in Chennai in Tamil Nadu in India . By 1612, the Dutch established themselves in Pulicat to the north. Chennai, Formerly known as Madras, is the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu and is India's fifth largest city.wikipedia. In the latter part of the 17th century, Madras steadily progressed during the period of the East India Company and under many Governors. You can get more informations about Sidhdhargal, through this app. Upon this settlement, the English expanded their colony to include a number of other European communities, new British settlements, and various native villages, one of which was named Mudhirasa pattanam. The Original Name of Madras Is Puliyur kottam which is 2000 year old Tamil ancient name. The region then passed into the hands of the Dutch, who established themselves near Pulicat just north of the city in 1612. Lotus Mahal, also called, Chitragani Mahal and Kamal Mahal, is located in the Zenana enclosure of Hampi. One of the top places to know the past of Old Madras, this is also a must-visit place for the history lovers in Chennai. Francis Day, one of the officers of the company, who was then a Member of the Masulipatam Council and the Chief of the Armagon Factory, made a voyage of exploration in 1637 down the coast as far as Pondicherry with a view to choosing a site for a new settlement. Today, modern Chennai, formerly known as Madras is a large cultural, commercial and industrial centre, and is known for its cultural heritage and temple architecture. Shocked 7%. Currently, the place houses the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly and different more official buildings. Chennai, Tamil Nadu. On 22 August 1639, Francis Day secured the Grant by the Damarla Venkatadri Nayakadu, Nayaka of Wandiwash, giving over to the East India Company a three-mile-long strip of land, a fishing village called Madraspatnam, copies of which were endorsed by Andrew Cogan, the Chief of the Masulipatam Factory, and are even now preserved. Following the British victory in the Seven Years' War they eventually dominated, driving the French, the Dutch and the Danes away entirely, and reducing the French dominions in India to four tiny coastal enclaves. This new area saw a proliferation of English merchant and planter families who, allied with their wealthy Indian counterparts, jointly controlled Chennapatnam under the supervision of White Town. The British fought with various European powers, notably the French at Vandavasi (Wandiwash) in 1760, where de Lally was defeated by Sir Eyre Coote, and the Danish at Tharangambadi (Tranquebar). This spot also has the importance of pilgrimage tourism. காரணம் இங்கு… These settlers and their families spread throughout India or settled in the cities, with Madras being one of their principal entry points. Each time, the survivors fell back upon the safety of the Fort St George. The Vijayanagar rulers who controlled the area, appointed chieftains known as Nayaks who ruled over the different regions of the province almost independently. Chennai History in Tamil 10.0 download - சென்னை நகரத்தில் வந்து குடி ஏறும் மக்களின் எண்ணிக்கை நாளுக்கு நாள் அதிகமாகிக் கொண்டே போகிறது. The first official use of the name Chennai is said to be in a sale deed, dated 8 August 1639, to Francis Day of the East India Company. It is a major manufacturing centre. Unakoti is an archaeological venue in Tripura. Occupied by the British for 300 years, Chennai emerged as an energetic metropolis that’s fiercely proud of its Tamil heritage. Francis Day wrote to his headquarters at Masulipatam for permission to inspect the proposed site at Madraspatnam and to examine the possibilities of trade there. This together with the written records makes it clear that the Fort which became the centre of present Chennai, was built upon or nearby the village of Madraspatnam. [12] In 1953, the political and administrative dominance of Tamils, both at the Union and State levels ensured that Madras was not transferred to the new state of Andhra. In 1693, a perwanna was received from the local Nawab granting the towns of Tondiarpet, Purasawalkam and Egmore to the company which continued to rule from Fort St. George. Consequently, once the area separating Chennapatnam and Old Madras was built over uniting the two settlements, as founders, settlers, and authorities of area, the English named the new united city Madras. Although, Madraspatnam is named in later records following the establishment of Fort St. George, this is likely because of the discriminatory nature of the local caste system. In February 1640, Day and Cogan, accompanied by a few factors and writers, a garrison of about twenty-five European soldiers and a few other European artificers, besides a Hindu powder-maker named Naga Battan, proceeded to the land which had been granted and started a new English factory there. However, from 1960s, the Central government started gearing up the use of Hindi in business and government. ABOUT CHENNAI • Madras, acquired its name from Madraspattinam which is a fishing village situated to the north of Fort St. George. Tamil Nadu, state of India, located in the extreme south of the country. It represents the Tamil-speaking area of what was formerly the Madras Presidency of British India. The Fort still stands today, and a part of it is used to house the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and the Office of the Chief Minister. A new grant was issued, copies of which are still available. In 1674, the expanded colony had nearly 50,000 mostly British and European colonists and was granted its own corporate charter, thereby officially establishing the modern day city. Both groups strived to grow their colonial populations and although their populations reached 10,000 people when the British arrived, they remained substantially outnumbered by the local Indian population. CHENNAI: A 75-year-old man was part of the nine-member team which went on two sailboats from Chennai to Puducherry two weeks ago. Each time the town and later city was rebuilt and repopulated with new English and European settlers. What’s your reaction? Spencer's started as a small business in 1864 and went on to become the biggest department stores in Asia at the time. 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The calicoes woven there were much cheaper than those at Armagon ( Durgarazpatam ) of Fort George! The 400-year-old city is the capital of the colonial administration became the capital of.! Get more informations about Sidhdhargal, through this app new English and European settlers Singhbhum district and is 's... Ltte Member in Asia at the time of Vandavasi in remembrance of his father Damarla Chennappa Nayakudu also. Defeated by the Chola occupation of tondaimandalam was put to an end by the Germans that night as.
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