Match. Personal: The Gospel of Grace, Justification by Faith Defended (1:1-2:21), B. 1. This second edition has been revised throughout to account for changes in the field and to incorporate the author's maturing judgments. As such a student, he was familiar with many of the sayings of classical and contemporary writers. Here the apostle taught them that the day of the Lord had not come and could not until certain events had taken place, not for the rapture of the church which is imminent, but for the day of the Lord, Daniel’s seventieth week. And further, he must be the Son of God. No passage is clearer and more declarative regarding the nature, fact, and purpose of the incarnation of Christ as is found in this book, the great kenosis passage (2:5f.). The Pauline epistles are the fourteen books in the New Testament traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle, although many dispute the anonymous Epistle to the Hebrews as being a Pauline epistle.. Further, there is no evidence for so partitioning 2 Corinthians.45. 8-9), the writing of Romans must follow that of 1 and 2 Corinthians which is dated about A.D. 55. The general epistles contain three themes: faith, hope, and love. The key word, occurring in one form or the other some 16 times, is “joy” or “rejoice.” “Unity” or “oneness” is another key idea of the book. Having finished the survey of the historical books (the Gospels and Acts), we now come to the twenty-one epistles of the New Testament, twenty-two if one includes Revelation as an epistle (which in reality it is [see Rev. 48 This outline was taken from The Expositor's Bible Commentary, New Testament, Frank E. Gaebelein, General Editor, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, 1976-1992, electronic media. TitusPhilemonHebrews (Hebrews does not name its author, but it has traditionally been assigned to Paul.) Default. The risen savior appeared to Saul on the road to Damascus—an encounter that completely transformed him. Possibly the majority of these letters are the oldest writings in the NT. “The early church was unanimous in its testimony that Philippians was written by the apostle Paul (see 1:1). In his studies, he had advanced in the religion of the Jews beyond many of his fellows as one extremely zealous for his ancestral traditions (Gal. As previously mentioned, the apostle was a prisoner when he wrote this epistle (Eph. Originally, they were regarded as mere personal letters and were classified with Philemon, but because of their strong bearing on the life of the church, they began to be called the “Pastoral Epistles.” Though addressed to individuals, these books are not only not limited to personal and private communications, but they are more official in character. These events took place from about A.D. 62-67. This letter was written about A.D. 55. toward the end of Paul’s three-year residency in Ephesus (cf. 1:7, 13; Col. 4:10, 18; Philemon 1, 9, 10). As such, this epistle is a fitting illustration of Christ who took our place as our substitute (see v. 18). But certainly two sections of the book do stand out. Acts 17:28; Titus 1:12). That said, they may have been written during Paul’s life or shortly after his death, since they do resemble the style and themes of the undisputed Paulines. 2:1-3) as an example of one accepted by grace without circumcision, which vindicated Paul’s stand on this issue (Gal. His Heart for the Thessalonians (2:17), 3. ;-), Convey God’s plan for managing the church. Sounds like a challenge! The purpose and burden of the apostle in writing to the Thessalonians can be summarized as follows: to express his thankfulness for what God was doing in the lives of the Thessalonians (1:2-3), to defend himself against a campaign to slander his ministry (2:1-12), to encourage them to stand fast against persecution and pressure to revert to their former pagan lifestyles (3:2-3; 4:1-12), to answer a doctrinal question pertaining to the fate of Christians who had died (4:1-13), to answer questions regarding the “Day of the Lord” (5:1-11), and to deal with certain problems that had developed in their corporate life as a church (5:12-13; 19-20). These people belong to different countries, different race, culture and different religion. The phrases “justification by faith” and “freedom from the Law” form the key words of the epistle. Gravity. Fruit Of The Spirit. The letter is written to Philemon, the owner of Onesimus, one of the millions of slaves in the Roman Empire, who had stolen from his master and run away. That Paul is the author of this epistle is supported by both external and internal evidence. The first was simply to announce Paul’s plans to visit Rome after his return to Jerusalem and to prepare the church for his coming (15:24, 28-29; cf. Paul then made his third visit to Corinth during the winter of A.D. 56-57 (Acts 20:2-3). VeggieTales® creator Phil Vischer takes on the Pauline Epistles In the latest DVD in his Buck Denver Asks … What’s in the Bible? There is no argument against Pauline authorship that does not have a reasonable answer. Third Quarter 2004 too, when he writes of Timothy's spirit (2 Cor 7:13) and the spirits of prophets (1 Cor 14:32), referring in both cases to the interiors of individuals. Onesimus was to return to his master and Philemon was to receive him with forgiveness as a Christian brother. The impact must have necessitated great psychological and intellectual readjustments. This letter is not an attack against slavery as such, but a suggestion as to how Christian masters and slaves could live their faith within that evil system. Closely related to this is another concept. In the first 11 chapters, Paul explains what the gospel is. Created by. On the whole, these epistles tend to deal with three general issues: 1. Ordination of Elders in the Church (1:5-9), B. Further, his authorship is virtually unchallenged. The Beginner’s Guide, Application: what Christians should do with doctrine. The Pattern of the Christian Life: Having the Mind of Christ (2:1-30), D. The Examples of Humility Seen in Timothy and Epaphroditus (2:19-30), IV. Instructions Concerning Men and Women (2:8-15), IV. 1:1). When we turn to 2 Timothy we find a very different atmosphere. 49 Merrill F. Unger, The New Unger’s Talking Bible Dictionary, Original work copyright 1957 The Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, electronic media. As a city, it had a reputation for gross materialism and deep sinfulness. First, “among the church fathers, Ignatius, Tertullian, Origen, and Eusebius give evidence of the canonicity of this brief book. In short, Paul focuses on the “why” (doctrine) and the “what” (application), not the “how.”. Here’s a high-level idea of what each pastoral epistle is about: Today, these letters still teach us how the church should be managed—they’re especially helpful for church planters. While there he lived and worked with Aquila and Priscilla who were of the same trade, tent-makers (Acts 18:3). 1:3). Because of its unique apocalyptic nature, however, in this survey we are distinguishing it as The Prophetic Book of the New Testament. 3:1; 4:1; 6:20). The supremacy of love over gifts (13:1-13), 4. 253-60. Sepia. Paul’s advocacy before Philemon is parallel to Christ’s work of mediation before the Father. Paul did eventually get to Rome, but as a prisoner. The New Position in the Household (2:11-22), 1. The theme of 1 Timothy, as with Titus and 2 Timothy, is twofold, one involving the individual and the other the church. From there the apostle sent him to Corinth where he helped that church with its work (see 2 Cor. In this letter we have a wonderful example. Personal: The Private Plans and Affairs of the Apostle (4:7-18). Their authorship is undispute d. S ome have how ever suggested that Second Corinthians is in fact a collection of several Pauline letters. If the group is small, the participants may have to work individually. Whereas Ephesians sets forth the glorious mystery, “the church which is Christ’s body,” Christ as the head of the Church (1:22-23), and believers as co-members of one another who are equally blessed with every spiritual blessing in Christ (1:3; 2:11-22), Philippians guards the practice of Ephesians. Since it was written during Paul’s first imprisonment in Rome, it was written around A.D. 61. Two are written to Timothy, and the last is written to Titus. BIB 364—The Pauline Epistles 3.0 Credit Hours Summer 2009 I. In scope, Colossians presents the all supremacy, all sufficiency, uniqueness, and the fullness of the person and work of Jesus Christ as the God-man Savior, the Creator and Sustainer of the universe, and the total solution for man’s needs both for time and eternity. Thus, Paul writes about the believer’s wealth, walk, and warfare. In this analogy, we are as Onesimus. It’s also where we learn how Christians should live in response to Christ’s life, death, and resurrection. While the general focus of this epistle is Paul’s “defense” of his ministry and authority, a key word that surfaces is “comfort” (occurring 11 times in 9 verses). The apostle then visited Ephesus, where he left Timothy to supervise the church, and went on to Macedonia. Objections are based on internal factors rather than on the adequacy of the statements of the church fathers. Had He forgotten His promises to the Jews? * Sometimes I’ll partner with organizations to help more people know about their resources—in return, they give me a kickback when people purchase. Application: the Practice of Righteousness in Service (12:1–15:13), F. In Relation to Other Christians (14:1–15:13), VII. Further, due to the large portion of these epistles that deal with church order and discipline, the term “pastoral” is accurate. Paul’s Prayer for the Colossians’ Growth (1:9-14), 3. 6). 2. Procedure Step A: Exploring the Themes in Paul's Epistles (35 minutes) 1. 3), proper behavior toward the various age groups—towards elders and widows (chap. One can certainly see, then, how the immoral and religious conditions of Corinth had negatively impacted the life of the church spiritually and morally. Paul also suggests the anthropological sense of He anticipated being released (Philem. Twice, the writer calls himself Paul (1:1; 3:1). Since Paul had worked at Ephesus for about three years and since he normally mentioned many friends in the churches to whom he wrote, the absence of personal names in this letter strongly supports the idea of its encyclical character. This belief was still being used as a basis for shirking their vocational responsibilities. This site uses cookies to analyze traffic and ensure you get the best experience. From Macedonia Paul wrote a fourth letter, 2 Corinthians. Not finding Titus there, he pushed on to Macedonia, undoubtedly with concern about Titus’ safety (7:5-6). 10), B. Paul Forced Into Foolish Boasting (chs. 55 Ryrie, p. 1875. What I heard, I tried to ignore. If you or I were doing this (especially today) we would probably first try to get the administrative organization in order, the structure, and then worry about the doctrine. Paul did not deny the rights of Philemon over his slave, but he asked Philemon to relate the principle of Christian brotherhood to the situation with Onesimus (v. 16). Jesus was alive after all! He Corrects and Challenges Regarding the Day of the Lord (2:1-17), C. In Relation to the Man of Lawlessness (2:3b-4), IV. Consequently, Paul was uniquely qualified to be the one chosen to carry the message of the gospel to the Gentiles. From Macedonia (northern Greece), he wrote 1 Timothy (1 Tim. During the first, Paul was kept in or near the barracks of the Praetorian Guard or in rental quarters at his own expense for two years (Acts 28:30), during which these epistles were written. amandabertsch. For two years, 61-62, Paul was held under house arrest in Rome, at the end of which time, it can be surmised, he was released. Undoubtedly, chapter 2 is key because of its emphasis on relationships in the church (2:1-10) and how a proper understanding and focus on both Christ’s first and second coming (the blessed hope) should impact the life of the church. Among these epistles are some of the earliest extant Christian documents. By Philemon’s gracious act, Onesimus is restored and placed in a new relationship (vv. Unless I go … He then visited Crete, leaving Titus there to put in order the remaining matters in the churches of Crete. The Description of Righteousness (3:21-31), B. The first epistle was written during the earlier part of that period just after Timothy had returned from Thessalonica with news of the progress of the church. Chapters 4 and 5 undoubtedly stand out as key chapters because of their teaching on both the coming of the Lord for the church, the rapture (4:13-18), and the day of the Lord (5:1-11), the time in the future when He will intervene in human events to consummate His redemption and judgment. Justification: The Imputation of God’s Righteousness Through Christ (3:21–5:21), A. 1:1). In 1 Thessalonians, the focus was on Christ coming for His Church (4:13-18) where as in 2 Thessalonians, the focus is on Christ coming with His Church in judgment on the unbelieving world (1:5-10; 2:3, 12). If the letter was written to Christians in South Galatia, the churches were founded on the first missionary journey, the letter was written after the end of the journey (probably from Antioch, ca. His purpose is to remind his readers that justification is by grace and not through works (3:1-5) The Greek noun dikaiosune, “righteousness,” occurs 34 times, the noun didaioma, “a righteous deed, acquittal, ordinance,” five times, the noun dikaiokrisia (righteous judgment) once, the adjective dikaios, “righteous,” occurs seven times, the noun dikaiosis, “justification, acquittal,” twice, and the verb dikaioo, “declare or show to be righteous,” occurs 15 times for a total of 64 occurrences. STUDY. 3. 118, # 471. Pauline Epistles. 1:13) along with the possibility of death (vv. It has also been pointed out that because all three are so closely connected in thought and style that they usually are either all accepted or all rejected as being written by Paul. Philemon’s runaway slave had converted to Christianity, and Paul was sending him back to Philemon. The primary methods used for Paul's letters are the following: Internal evidence This consists of what the author tells us about himself in the letter, either explicitly — the author clearly identifies himself — or implicitly — provides autobiographical details. II. Galatians A. At the end of chapter 15, he discusses his plans to visit, and the final chapter of Romans includes many greetings to Christians in the area. Because of their close relationship in thought and focus, the attestation and authorship of all three pastoral epistles will be dealt with here. But the point is simply this: regardless of the type of church government, within certain limits, of course, if God’s Word is being consistently and accurately proclaimed with prayerful dependence on the Lord, and if the people take it to heart, a church will be alive, in vital touch with Christ, and effective for the Lord. Thus 2 Timothy, dated approximately A.D. 67, represents the last Pauline Epistle.66. Notably Pauline them es, however, are 1. The Comfort of a Faithful Servant (4:6-18), Since the Pastoral Letters have been treated previously on the matter of authorship, see 1 Timothy. No specific purpose is stated and no particular problem or heresy is addressed. Five major themes in Paul’s writing compared with Jesus’ teachings Of the many themes and topics the apostle Paul addresses throughout his 13 epistles, the five perhaps most prominent that come to mind are: The Lordship of Christ Pastoral Epistles develop Pauline theology at the juncture of first and second generation Christianity. We know that each book was inspired by God, written by Paul, and faithfully preserved in the church throughout history. Paul’s theme or seed plot in Romans is clearly stated in 1:16-17. His Hope in the Thessalonians (2:19-20), E. The Confirmation of the Thessalonians (3:1-10), 1. Paul lists the keys to an enduring successful ministry: A reproducing ministry (1-2); an enduring ministry (3-13); a studying ministry (14-18); and a holy ministry (19-26).”68. Give each team a pencil, markers, newsprint, and one of the slips of paper from resource 2-B, "Themes in Paul's Epistles" (PDF). St. Though all three of these letters have been attacked more than any other of Paul’s epistles, both the external and internal evidence supports Paul as the author. For example, 1 Peter has some of the best-quality Greek in the New Testament, but James and 2 Peter are not far behind. Here, in part 2 of this same topic the discussion continues by taking on board such additional vital ethical aspects as- The Abuse of Christian liberty; Public worship; Household codes. Describe connections between the characters, contexts and themes in your life story and the Pauline Epistles. 2. Group 1. This means he had already been at Corinth and since he had not yet been at Corinth when he wrote to that church (cf. 20-26) suggest he was writing from Rome. Also, the seeds of what later became the full-blown Gnosticism of the second century were present in the first century and already making inroads into the churches. The Pauline Epistles expound on the doctrines of sanctification, justification, redemption, and reconciliation. W. C. Strickland (Nashville: Broadman, 1959), p. 12. Some good Greek mss. Paul is fond of parallelism, often chiastic, and frequently employs antithesis (eighteen times in the two short letters). 1:1, Tit. He trusts them to manage their local churches well (1 Ti 3:15; Tt 1:5) and maintain his sound teaching (1 Ti 4:6; Tt 2:1). As a Roman citizen, he died by the sword (beheaded) rather than by crucifixion as did Peter. In the process of Paul’s defense, three key purposes emerge: (1) Paul expressed his joy at the favorable response of the church to Paul’s ministry (chaps. Duties and Defenses Against the Dangers (4:6-16), VI. What are the arguments against Pauline authorship of each of the Deutero-Pauline epistles (there are somewhat different arguments for each of them)? Themes in Paul Epistles [Name of the institute]Themes in Paul Epistles Introduction The world in which we live today is full of people. Add Bookmark. As mentioned previously, it was from Rome, during this second imprisonment in the dungeon that he wrote 2 Timothy. This means he wrote it in A.D. 60-61 (see the discussion on the date of Ephesians and Philippians). Petition of Paul for Onesimus (vv. Moreover, the books declare Paul as the author (1 Tim. Because Ephesians gives no hint of Paul’s release from prison, as in Philippians (1:19-26) and Philemon (v. 22), many believe that Ephesians was written in the early part of his imprisonment about A.D. 60, while Paul was kept under house guard in his rented quarters (Acts 28:30). Nine of the epistles that Paul wrote were written to churches and four of them were written to individuals. While not written to be remedial or to correct any specific errors, Paul designed this epistle as a prevention against those problems that so often occur because of a lack of maturity or a failure in grasping and applying what believers have in Christ. Who Was Herod? God’s wisdom manifested to us in Christ is to change believers on both the individual and social level. The book of Romans is a good example: As you read these epistles, keep an eye out for these themes. Chapters 2 is key in that it demonstrates why and how the believer is complete in Christ and needs nothing added to the saving person and work of Christ. 16:5-9; Acts 20:31). Doctrinal: The Gospel of Grace, Justification by Faith Explained (3:1–4:31), A. The Pauline Epistles—or the Epistles of Paul—were letters written to the early Church by the apostle Paul. The Personal Circumstances of Paul in Rome: The Preaching of Christ (1:12-30), III. Paul was known for many years as Saul of Tarsus. 1886-1887. And though prosperous with a thriving commerce, from man’s point of view, Paul and his associates may have wondered about what kind of success the gospel of God’s righteousness would have in a city like Corinth. Also this epistle is written after Paul’s usual manner or pattern with greetings and thanksgiving, a doctrinal section followed by the practical application of that doctrine with concluding personal remarks. 4-7 and 22). Ryrie has an excellent summary of the theme and contents: More formal than Paul’s other letters, Romans sets forth the doctrine of justification by faith (and its ramifications) in a systematic way. Give each team a pencil, markers, newsprint, and one of the slips of paper from resource 2-B, "Themes in Paul's Epistles" (PDF). The Importance of the Resurrection (15:1-11), B. Another big topic that Vischer addresses in Volume 12 is the fruit of the Spirit, which he also identifies as a major theme for Paul. Paul wrote about the fruit of the spirit, justification, sanctification, grace, and more! Paul wrote: 1. Instructions Concerning Public Worship (11:2–14:40), C. The Use of Spiritual Gifts (12:1–14:40), 2. 4:13) where he was then arrested, taken to Rome, imprisoned, and finally beheaded. Negative: Emancipation from Legalistic and Gnostic Practices (2:16-19), 2. Misunderstanding of the Spirit’s ministry (2:6-16), D. The Design and Example of Paul (4:6-21), III. Question: May a Christian Eat Food Consecrated to a Pagan God? Instead, Paul enumerates character qualities demonstrating that true leadership emanates from our walk with God rather than from achievements or vocational success.”67. Fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy. Introduction This article is a sequel to Ethical issues in the Pauline Epistles (Part 1) which dealt with such ethical issues as-Jewish and Gentile Christian relationship; and The believers' conduct. The fact these great epistles were written while Paul was imprisoned, either in Roman barracks or chained daily to a Roman soldier in his own rented house (Acts 28:30), which gave him access to the whole elite Praetorian Guard, is a marvelous illustration of how God takes our apparent misfortunes and uses them for His glory and the increase of our opportunities for ministry (see Phil. 4-33; and Henry Clarence Theissen, Introduction To The New Testament, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1943, pp. Concerning the Day of Christ: The Comfort of His Coming (4:13-18), 1. Related Topics: Introductions, Arguments, Outlines, Canon, J. Hampton Keathley III, Th.M. Again as indicated in the opening salutation, Paul is the author of this letter. This was not carried out in a self-protecting spirit but because Paul knew that acceptance of his ministry and message were intimately bound with the Corinthian church’s own spiritual well-being.46. 15-16). Paul was chosen for a few specific tasks (Eph 3:8–9): We see Paul doing the first in the book of Acts. 11–12), Paul identifies himself as the author of this epistle with the words, “Paul an apostle.” Apart from a few 19th-century scholars, no one has seriously questioned his authorship. Themes of the Pastoral Epistles The tenor of the Pastoral Epistles is parenetic in nature. 3. Suggestion 3. Paul’s only other long series of greetings is in Colossians—a letter also sent to a church he had not visited.40. Divide the group into five teams. 559a) titled a burlesque play Ho Korinthiastes, which basically means “The Lecher.” Aristophanes coined the verb korinthiazomai, “to act as a Corinthian,” which came to mean, “to practice fornication.” According to Strabo much of the wealth and vice in Corinth centered around the temple of Aphrodite and its thousand temple prostitutes. A few examples must suffice: the doctrine of justification by faith (Rom 3:20-22; Gal 2:16); the church as the body of Christ appointed to represent and serve him through a variety of spiritual gifts (Rom 12; 1 Cor 12); the collection for the poor saints at Jerusalem (Rom 15:25-28; 2 Cor 8-9). The letter contains a number of historical references that agree with known facts of Paul’s life and the doctrinal content of the book is consistent with the other writings of the apostle, a fact quickly evident by a comparison with his other letters. 15:26, it appears Paul had already received contributions from the churches of Macedonia and Achaia (where Corinth was located). Thus, the apostle writes to refute their false gospel of works and demonstrates the superiority of justification by faith and sanctification by the Holy Spirit versus by the works of the Law. He was not only a Jew, but by his own testimony, he was a Pharisee and a son of a Pharisee (Acts 23:6), was a Hebrew of Hebrews (spoke Hebrew or Aramaic), was of the tribe of Benjamin (Phil. Paul encourages Philemon to welcome the runaway as a brother, not a slave—the rest of the church is witness to Paul’s exhortation. Procedure Step A: Exploring the Themes in Paul's Epistles (35 minutes) 1. A Lasting Legacy: Choosing A Wife For Isaac (Gen. 24:1-67). So, while our methods will often vary, they must never contradict the moral or spiritual principles of the Word of God. … While the experience was sudden and dramatic, the effects were enduring. These are common Pauline expressions, but they appear in this epistle more than in any other. Of Paul’s thirteen letters, these were the very last books he wrote. Proposed Order of Paul’s Epistles The Captivity Epistles: … Tit. True. Paul presents Jesus Christ as the Second Adam whose righteousness and substitutionary death have provided justification for all who place their faith in Him. In Relation to the New Creation (1:18), 3. The term, “pastoral,” is an 18th century designation that has stuck down through the years,63 and though not entirely accurate, it is a somewhat appropriate description of these three letters. 10-17). 2:13) and receive news about conditions in Corinth. Introduction How is the theology of the Pastoral Letters to be understood in ... around four themes or principles and two texts in which those themes converge. Instructions Concerning Doctrine (1:3-20), A. The power of the cross provides deliverance from the curse of the law, from the power of sin, and from self (1:4; 2:20; 3:13; 4:5; 5:16, 24; 6:14). Logistics: specific instructions, greetings, etc. The theme of the Epistle to the Ephesians is unity. Chapter 13, the great chapter on agape love, undoubtedly stands out as the pinnacle chapter of this book. 1. A final purpose was to express Paul’s thanksgiving for Philemon and to request preparation for lodging for him when he was released from prison (vv. A recap of the events pertinent to this epistle will help give some idea of a probable date for Titus, though the exact time is unknown. Two key words and concepts stand out in this short epistle: “sanctification” (4:3, 4, 7), and “the coming of the Lord,” which is referred to in every chapter of the epistle (1:10; 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23). Vocational Responsibilities in Relation to the major theme is summoned by james K. Lowery in the first Roman letter.52. Certain areas of the Old Testament were still binding on the road to encounter... The Coming of the Spirit is given to Christ us upholding those commandments of! Cosmic book, pp Walk of the Deutero-Pauline epistles ( Hebrews does not with! 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