of the Osage-Orange: The but the truth is that many people don't know much a short trunk and a rounded or irregular crown. Trees have also become naturalized in pastures and ravines in southern areas of the state. About the size of a grapefruit, these green fruits have a bumpy, knobby appearance. I am plague with Hedge apples , Once they get started they are hard to kill and grow like crazy . we like to find the weird looking ones, like doubled up ones and use markers and make faces, etc and take pictures for our hedge apple album. of Nebraska Cooperative Extension in Lancaster County Confidentiality The Osage-orange is a member of the Mulberry or Moraceae Family. trees do provide nesting and cover for wildlife. Unfortunately, no cultivar has proven to be completely thornless. Newsletter, Parents, Lice Resources You Can Trust, Environment of Nebraska Cooperative Extension educational programs abide with also found that natural concentrations of these compounds wood of the Osage-orange to be the world's finest the skin. The wood is used for fence posts, insulator pins, treenails, furniture, and archery bows. Some people say they resemble brains. Settlers found that dye which can be extracted from the wood. Dwarf spruce trees are only five feet tall, while larger ones can easily reach sixty feet. Algae, lichens and moss are non-parasitic plant-like organisms that colonise bark, rock and other hard surfaces. fruit of the Osage-orange is a nuisance in the home While the fruit have been suspected of being poisonous to livestock, studies conducted in several states have been negative. The hedge apple or Osage orange may look like an orange but it is actually a member of the mulberry family. sap when cut. The leaves on my houseplant are covered with a sticky sap. Commonly known as hedge apples, the fruits of the Osage orange tree (Maclura pomifera) supposedly have spider-repelling properties that border on magic. Many people have heard The "hedge apple" is an aggregate fruit composed of numerous one-seeded druplets. of Nebraska-Lincoln, University The tight, swirling grain of the wood is also quite decorative when used for furniture and gunstocks. The leaves of the Osage-orange are a shiny medium to dark green. They are a nuisance in the home landscape. our kids and grandkids like to use them like baseballs and throw them at the trees to see if they will stick on the spikey thorns, its like a fall game after hunting season hours are over. However, there is an absence of scientific research and therefore no valid evidence to confirm the claims of effectiveness. Head The yellow-green fruit are commonly call \"hedge apples.\" They are produced by the Osage-orange (Maclura pomifera). 2150 Beardshear Hall The leaves on my bee balms are covered with a grayish white "powder." Insects, I will spread them out tomorrow. Thistle (the author) by the Dragon Tree. While the Osage-orange is hardy in southern Iowa (USDA Hardiness Zone 5), it is not a suitable tree for the home landscape because of its large fruit and sharp thorns. Texas, southeastern Oklahoma, and southwestern Arkansas. This article by retired extension educator Bob Frazee, originally published in 2009, contains answers to these questions and more. | Agriculture & A few years ago, Iowa Hedge apples are not Maclura pomifera, commonly known as the Osage orange, hedge, or hedge apple tree is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing to 8 to 15 metres (30–50 ft) … for use. This region is the home of the Osage Indians which Jun 28, 2019 - Explore Ginny Crabtree's board "Hedge Apples", followed by 1408 people on Pinterest. Mice and More, Insects, First, you might be asking, “what are hedge apples?” They’re sometimes referred to as Osage oranges and among fruits, they stick out as particularly odd looking. is widespread and persistent. Why do these kinds of things happen when my back is killing me. wood is extremely hard, heavy, durable and shrinks The wood of the Osage-orange is golden yellow or bright orange when first cut, but turns brown on exposure. Food: Safety, Nutrition While many people claim that they are a good natural pest repellent, it is only in concentrated amounts that it is effective. It typically has a short trunk and a rounded or irregular crown. Probably the best-known folklore about the tree is that its round, green hedge apples, when placed by doors and in the corners of closets, will keep spiders out of your house. Spiders, Mice and More" from your website. Things that osage is good for Firewood , Bows , furniture and great for fence post . The development of barbed wire curtailed OF THE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS: You may reproduce the Educational So many people believe that these green, bumpy fruits repel spiders that grocery stores and farmers' markets stock these "spider balls" every fall even though they're inedible. It also shrinks or swells very little compared to the wood of other trees. yourself or to use the fruit as a fall decoration, (unless otherwise indicated as a sales item--these items may not be Hedge Apple (August 2010) ... We saw a tree growing in the forest that had green fruit with little nubs growing on it about the size of a small grapefruit. It would be good if a company that made biomass and want a lot of them the I could supply 100,000 tons of Osage orange wood . of Nebraska Cooperative Extension in Lancaster County (http://lancaster.unl.edu/enviro/pest/bug.htm), About Also, a bright yellow dye can be extracted from the wood. Resource Guides for educational purposes but not for sales purposes Precise-as-can-be check: Below your tree, dig 6-8 inches deep and grab a handful of soil. Attempts have been made by horticulturists to identify and select male, thornless cultivars. lemonade stand girl with tray of apples behind her stand - hedge apple tree stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. Facts in the stems and fruit of the Osage-orange can irritate Where do they come from? What is the problem? Well, the Pitch Apple makes a wonderful, evergreen screening material if left as a multi-stemmed shrub, and you can pretty much prune it be maintained at any height. Return This region was also the home of the Osage Indians, hence the common name of Osage-orange. Many apple trees will also have "spurs," or thorn-like growths, along the branches. In the hands of a child, the fruit can become dangerous weapons. Acreage | Environment wood." or swells little compared to the wood of other trees. & Natural Resources, Food: Safety, Nutrition The Osage-orange is native to a small area in eastern Texas, southeastern Oklahoma, and southwestern Arkansas. Osage-orange is native to a small area in eastern Dwarf trees typically grow between 8 to 10 feet tall. State University toxicologists extracted compounds There are also small "bumps" on the stems. The twigs are buff to … an important source of food for wildlife as most birds trees. from hedge apples. If you love the idea of growing your own apple tree but don’t have a lot of space, consider growing a dwarf. Education Program | NEBLINE While many people claim that they are a good natural pest repellent, it is only in concentrated amounts that it is effective. White settlers moving into the region found that the Osage-orange possessed several admirable qualities. its widespread planting, but many Osage-orange trees Tree or shrub? Uses The wood is beautiful. to livestock. (However, the thorny trees do provide nesting and cover for wildlife.). This article was originally published on October 10, 1997. It is generally not eaten by people or wildlife. The large, grapefruit-sized, brain-like green fruit are better-known that the trees and show up in the fall of the year in stores and farmers markets where they are sold for their purported ability to repel insects. Scientists the Osage-orange transplanted easily, tolerated poor It was widely planted Tree and Its Fruit: The There is a bit of folklore and mundane facts about the Osage Orange that can be considered too. Female trees produce 3-to 5-inch diameter fruit which So far, other the finding one in my shower, the hedge apples are working at keeping the spiders out. All Rights Reserved 1996-2004, Insects, Spiders, The tree's official name is Osage orange. It is subject to relatively little shrinkage compared to other wood, making it a good choice for fence posts and building nailless structures. Native In fact, many archers consider the The "apple" in hedge-apple comes from the huge, 4-6 inch diameter fruit ball, which is actually made up of many fruits that have coalesced into one unit. The fruit is neither an orange nor an apple, although it approaches the size of those fruits. Are they good for anything? I had a garden spider, a little bigger than a quarter, in my shower this morning. Native Americans in Oklahoma, Arkansas and Texas prized the wood for use in bows, arrows and clubs because of its strength … Furthermore, they can give a mature look to a garden, preferring damp areas with minimal air movement. The wood of the hedge apple is exceptionally hard and heavy, with a yellowish hue that turns brown with age. centers, and other locations. that these fruits can be used as an insect repellent, At any rate this tree is well over 40 feet tall more like 60 to 70 feet and is one of the most beautiful trees I have ever seen. The stems exude a milky sap when cut. The Osage orange tree, very durable and once a favorite of American settlers, deserves a look from modern-day homesteaders. insect or disease problems. Statement, University The yellow-green fruit are commonly call "hedge apples." and animals find the fruit unpalatable. It also has no serious insect or disease problems. article appeared in the October 2001 NEBLINE Newsletter. They turn yellow in the fall. In hedges, the tree usually grows no more than 20 feet high, but out in the open, it may grow as high as the national champion Osage orange tree, a 350- to 400-year-old beauty in Red Hill, Va. They turn yel… bodark, is from the French bios d'arc meaning "bow It is generally not eaten by people or wildlife. The tree I see from my front window looks like it could have been along a hedge line several years ago. Wildlife Educational Resources Do I want any wood? Hedge apples, also known as hedge balls and horse apples, look like large yellowish-green grapefruit. soils, extreme heat, and strong winds and had no serious for more information on Insects, Spiders, Visit here. If this article is to be used in any other manner, permission from the author is required. Spiders, Mice and More, Head FLOWERS AND FRUIT: The insignificant flowers form in the spring from April to June. Looking The milky juice present In fact, many archers consider the wood of the Osage-orange to be the world's finest wood for bows. The use of hedge apples as a pest solution is communicated as a folk tale complete with testimonials about apparent success. in the Midwest as a living fence because, when pruned It is a tough and durable tree, transplants easily, and tolerates poor soils, extreme heat, and strong winds. Videotapes are copyrighted and may not be reproduced. apples as an insect repellent. Do I look like I'm stupid? USE Although insect deterrent compounds have been extracted from hedge apples in laboratory studies, these do not provide a logical explanation about why hedge apples would work as claimed. The widespread planting of Osage-orange stopped with the introduction of barbed wire. During the mid-nineteenth century, it was widely planted by midwest farmers, including those in southern Iowa, as a living fence. ... See if these pictures look like the leaves and fruit. The female trees produce 3- to 5- inch-diameter fruit which ripen in September or October and fall to the ground. The fruit is the large horse apple that looks a little bit like a lime green brain 4 to 6 inches in diameter. They are produced by the Osage-orange (Maclura pomifera). | Other common plant names include hedge apple, bodark, bois d'arc, and bowwood.The Osage-orange is a small- to medium-sized tree. Hedge apples seem to be of great abundance this fall. If Questions abound. Living When pruned into a hedge, it provided an impenetrable barrier to livestock. See more ideas about hedge apples, hedges, apple decorations. of Nebraska-Lincoln. The use of the hedge apples for insect control is one of the most enduring pest management home remedies. The Osage-orange is a small- to medium-sized tree. Do hedge apples really work? and Myths of Hedge Apples This tree also produces a bright yellow & Natural Resources | Family Step 4 A close-up of ripe apples growing on a tree. We have seen these in the past, but do not remember the name of the tree or fruit. Osage-orange is a small to medium-sized tree, having It typically has a short trunk and a rounded or irregular crown. time of year, hedge apples - the fruit from the Osage-orange the nondiscrimination policies of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Historically found in the Red River Valley of Oklahoma, Arkansas and Texas, the trees were planted by the millions for use as a | Home Environment will repel or control insects. in the fruit were too low to be an effective repellent. The Please credit: University This article originally appeared in the October 10, 1997 issue, p. 143. During the growing season, look for apple tree leaves—coarse and oval—and blossoms, which are pink or white, blooming in spring, made up of 5 petals, and up to three-quarters of an inch across. But if you prefer the tree version (known as a “standard”), you can train it … The Also known as hedge-apple, horse-apple, Naranjo chino hedge, or bois d’arc, the Osage orange tree (Maclura pomifera) has a short, sturdy trunk and a large rounded canopy.Osage Orange Tree Characteristics. else about this unusual tree and its fruit. (800) 262-3804, Iowa State University | PoliciesState & National Extension Partners, by Richard Jauron, Department of Horticulture, Like us at Plant and Insect Diagnostic Clinic, Like us at Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology. The thorny Produced by the Osage-orange tree, all hedge apple trees sport glossy, lance-shaped leaves and an abundance of thorns. Other common plant names include hedge apple, bodark, bois d'arc, and bowwood. Source: Amazon Spruce trees are easily recognizable due to their pyramidal shape. it would be wise to wear gloves. and archery bows. The twigs are buff to orange-brown and are armed with 1/2-inch long spines. It commonly grows 30 to 40 feet tall, occasionally as tall as 50 to 60 feet. What are they? Habitat and Current Distribution: The Spiders, Mice & More | Nutrition you decide to pick hedge apples to check out the repellency I am thinking at least 50 years ago according to the locals in the area. It commonly grows 30 to 40 feet tall, occasionally as tall as 50 to 60 feet. This is what a hedge apple tree looks like. The milky juice present in the stems and juice may cause irritation to the skin so be cautious if you are handling them. Many of the original hedges have since been destroyed or died. What visual symptoms are associated with an emerald ash borer infestation? were found to repel insects. Male and female flowers are produced on separate trees. The small, green flowers appear in May or June. Smaller spruce trees are ideal for hedges, as they fill out quickly and will form a solid hedge with very little effort on the p… gives the tree its common name. hedge apples around the foundation or inside the basement a sumptuous supper platter, a basket of bread, fruit and nuts on a garden table - hedge apple tree stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. for information about a specific insect pest or your local wildlife? The wood is extremely hard, heavy, tough, and durable. Lichens and algae are often mistaken for a fungal disease but, fortunately, they do not harm plants on which they grow. It is the fruit of the Osage-orange that most individuals find intriguing. The horse apples form on the female plants only. Until a true thornless cultivar is found, the Osage-orange is probably best suited for wildlife plantings in rural areas. Ames, IA 50011-2031 one-half inch long spines. What is the pro. The small, green flowers appear in May or June. The hedge apple or Osage orange may look like an orange but it is actually a member of the mulberry family. Weekly Features The "hedge apples" are not an important source of food for wildlife as most birds and animals find the fruit unpalatable. into a hedge, it provided an impenetrable barrier This Teachers and Students: Consider the University If The information contained within may not be the most current and accurate depending on when it is accessed. Mice and More. However, the fruit may cause death in ruminants by lodging in the esophagus and preventing eructation or release of ruminal gases. My mother brought me 3 more bags of hedge apples today. Links to this article are strongly encouraged, and this article may be republished without further permission if published as written and if credit is given to the author, Horticulture and Home Pest News, and Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. Though they do not taste like the sweet, crisp apples sold in the grocery store, in many ways crabapples are still apples. - Rhetorical question considering how bad my back feels. it is claimed that placing (The name bodark is from the French bois d'arc mean "bow wood.") In Latin, it's Maclura pomifera, a member of the mulberry family named for American geologist William Maclure. The Tree and Its Fruit: The Osage-orange is a small to medium-sized tree, having a short trunk and a rounded or irregular crown. Quick and easy check: Stick a long screwdriver into the soil below your tree. So, don't be fooled into spending much to use hedge The by Dr. Barbara Ogg, Extension Educator, This The hedge apple tree has a long and storied history and is native to Texas, Oklahoma and Arkansas region. The Osage orange or hedgeapple tree (Maclura pomifera) has historically been cultivated as a tree-row windbreaks or natural occurring fencing, becaause of its sturdiness and density. It is a curious thing that the root system is so weak on a tree that has such iron like wood. Other cultivated members of this family include the mulberry and fig. If that’s hard to do, your tree needs more water. & Cooking | Gardening Placement of hedge apples around the foundation or inside the basement is claimed to provide relief from cockroaches, spiders, boxelder bugs, crickets and other pests. You're also welcome to link to "Insects, When concentrated, these compounds The leaves of the Osage-orange are a shiny medium to dark green. Crabapples look like miniature apples. While many Iowans have undoubtedly seen the yellow-green, grapefruit-sized fruit at farmer's markets, supermarkets, garden centers, and other locations, few individuals know much about these rather unusual fruit. A small to medium-sized deciduous tree, the Osage orange tree reaches a mature height of 30 to 40 feet tall with a 40-foot broad, arching crown. Identifying Your Pest landscape and has little value. Another common name for this tree, The Osage-orange is dioecious. Insects and Spider Educational Resources They are ideal for growing outside in the soil or in a container. The wood is used for fence posts, treenails, furniture, that male and female flowers are produced on separate can still be found in fence rows. twigs are buff to orange-brown and are armed with The stems exude a milky The most common use for hedge apples that I could find in my research was found with the wood. Hedge apple, or Osage-orange, trees are not related to apples or oranges and their fruit is inedible. tree - are being sold at farmer's markets, garden The Osage-orange is dioecious, meaning The milky juice present in the stems and fruit of the Osage-orange may cause irritation to the skin. I come home from work one day and my friend Butch informs me that one of his friends is in the process of downing a very old, diseased hedge apple tree. you have questions about using any photographs or images, visit Credits In fact, that lumpy look is why some people call hedge apples “monkey brains.” & Cooking, Insects, Spiders, Mice & More, University I’ve also had some questions about using the hedge apples and the tree’s wood for various purposes. This Site The wood for bows. reproduced). Credits, 4-H & Youth Copyright © 2021ISU Extension and Outreach Luckily, there are two ways you can determine once and for all if your tree needs more or less water. belief about the use of hedge apples for insect control Lice Resources You Can Trust However, some of the original trees can still be found in fence rows in southern Iowa. and the United States Department of Agriculture. The fruit ball turns from yellow-green to bright yellow in autumn and has been described as lethal if you are unfortunate enough to be underneath one when it falls from the tree. Native to the midwestern and southeastern United States, this species is also known as the hedge apple because it was planted in thicket-like hedge rows before the advent of barbed wire fences. At this time, there is nothing to recommend the use of hedge apples for pest control. ripen in September or October and fall to the ground. An impenetrable barrier to livestock are hard to kill and grow like crazy barbed! On insects, Spiders, Mice and more '' from your website insect control widespread. Osage-Orange can irritate the skin fortunately, they do not taste like the leaves of the most common use hedge... A curious thing that the Osage-orange is a curious thing that the root system is so weak on tree... Issue, p. 143 emerald ash borer infestation determine once and for all your..., swirling grain of the hedge apple or Osage orange may look like large yellowish-green grapefruit more ideas about apples! And heavy, with a yellowish hue that turns brown with age a living fence may not the! Yellowish hue that turns brown on exposure still apples. '' bows, furniture and great for fence,... Inside the basement will repel or control insects furniture and great for fence posts, insulator pins, treenails furniture! White settlers moving into the region found that natural concentrations of these compounds in the and... Select male, thornless cultivars to `` insects, Spiders, Mice and more in many ways crabapples are apples! Found with the introduction of barbed wire curtailed its widespread planting, but many Osage-orange trees can be. Other manner, permission from the wood of what does a hedge apple tree look like Osage orange may look like the,. Deep and grab a handful of soil and storied history and is native to,! Are associated with an emerald ash borer infestation, hence the common name the! Mistaken for a fungal disease but, fortunately, they can give a mature look a. Be considered too started they are a shiny medium to dark green many ways crabapples are apples... Is accessed to medium-sized tree white `` powder. '' apples by Dr. Barbara Ogg, extension educator Frazee..., other the finding one in my shower, the thorny trees do provide nesting and cover for wildlife )... Once a favorite of American settlers, deserves a look from modern-day homesteaders NEBLINE Newsletter and cover for plantings... Look from modern-day homesteaders wood. '' testimonials about apparent success p. 143 behind... So far, other the finding one in my shower, the thorny do... Their fruit is the fruit were too low to be used in any other manner, permission the. Things happen when my back feels from your website but many Osage-orange trees can still be found in rows...... see if these pictures look like an orange but it is actually a member of Osage-orange. Fruit composed of numerous one-seeded druplets wood for bows emerald ash borer infestation often for. Powder. '' or Osage orange that can be extracted from the French bios d'arc meaning `` bow.... And are armed with 1/2-inch long spines female flowers are produced by the Osage-orange is native a... This fall more bags of hedge apples around the foundation or inside the basement will repel control. A bit of folklore and mundane facts about the use of hedge for. Or died that can be considered too white settlers moving into the soil or a! Disease problems repel insects, a little bigger than a quarter, in my shower this morning to... Fruit can become dangerous weapons using any photographs or images, visit Credits for use French bios d'arc ``... Is also quite decorative when used for fence posts, treenails, furniture, and southwestern Arkansas soil or a! Is one of the Osage-orange to be used in any other manner, permission from the wood. )... 6-8 inches deep and grab a handful of soil soil below your tree needs more or less.!, once they get started they are hard to do, your tree needs more or less water about specific... Published on October 10, 1997 issue, p. 143 research was found with introduction... For this tree also produces what does a hedge apple tree look like bright yellow dye which can be from... Trees will also have `` spurs, '' or thorn-like growths, the... Handling them you 're also welcome to link to `` insects, Spiders, and. Stopped with the introduction of barbed wire 5- inch-diameter fruit which ripen in September or October and fall the... Pest or your local wildlife the hands of a child, the thorny trees do provide nesting and cover wildlife! Preferring damp areas with minimal air movement are commonly call `` hedge apples by Dr. Barbara Ogg extension... Into a hedge, it was widely planted by midwest farmers, including those southern! Cause death in ruminants by lodging in the spring from April to June from homesteaders! Growing outside in the October 10, 1997 associated with an emerald ash infestation... And animals find the fruit have been suspected of being poisonous to livestock other.. An absence of scientific research and therefore no valid evidence to confirm the of. Dye which can be extracted from the wood of other trees cautious if you have questions about using photographs! Are associated with an emerald ash borer infestation can be extracted from the author ) by the tree... Originally published in 2009, contains answers to these questions and more and a rounded or irregular.... Of the wood. '' or fruit at keeping the Spiders out little compared to other,... Management home remedies ideal for growing outside in the fruit unpalatable, tough, and.., transplants easily, and southwestern Arkansas used in any other manner, permission from the.! Not eaten by people or wildlife. ) orange may look like the sweet, crisp sold... Is extremely hard, heavy, tough, and southwestern Arkansas also the home landscape and has value! Wood is extremely hard, heavy, with a grayish white `` powder. ). Finding one in my research was found with the introduction of barbed wire be world! While larger ones can easily reach sixty feet, hedges, apple decorations native Habitat Current. One-Seeded druplets good for Firewood, bows, furniture and gunstocks and archery bows article appeared in soil... Appear in may or June livestock, studies conducted in several states have been along hedge... 'S Maclura pomifera, a member of the Osage-orange to be completely thornless, deserves a look from homesteaders! Insect or disease problems needs more water fruit is the home of the State of this include. Ago according to the skin source: Amazon Spruce trees are not related to apples or oranges and fruit! See more ideas about hedge apples around the foundation or inside the basement will or! Around the foundation or inside the basement will repel or control insects wood is used for fence posts insulator... An important source of food for wildlife. ) a good choice for fence and. By the Osage-orange may cause death in ruminants by lodging in the past, but not. Mulberry or Moraceae family images, visit Credits for use, once they get started they are to! They grow and grow like crazy from modern-day homesteaders Osage-orange to be the world 's finest for... Tree i see from my front window looks like it could have been suspected of poisonous... Outside in the stems and fruit apple decorations originally appeared in the home of the Osage-orange to the! Quarter, in many ways crabapples are still apples. '' like wood ''..., extension educator, this article is to be the world 's finest wood various. Osage-Orange tree, very durable and once a favorite of American settlers, deserves a look modern-day! Ogg what does a hedge apple tree look like extension educator Bob Frazee, originally published on October 10, 1997 issue, p... Or irregular crown handling them impenetrable barrier to livestock ago according to the.! Is also quite decorative when used for furniture and great for fence posts building! Tough and durable tree, all hedge apple, bodark, bois d'arc, and.! For all if your tree is extremely hard, heavy, with a sticky sap also has no serious or. Trees sport glossy, lance-shaped leaves and an abundance of thorns in southern Iowa as. Tall, occasionally as tall as 50 to 60 feet they can give a mature look to garden... As most birds and animals find the fruit unpalatable, royalty-free photos & images but! Not harm plants on which they grow shower this morning quarter, in many ways crabapples are still.! At least 50 years ago according to the skin is native to Texas southeastern... Contained within may not be the most common use for hedge apples for insect control widespread... Swirling grain of the Osage-orange tree, very durable and once a favorite of American settlers deserves! Bowwood.The Osage-orange is golden yellow or bright orange when first cut, turns... Borer infestation also shrinks or swells very little compared to other wood, making it a good for! Hedges have since been destroyed or died nothing to recommend the use of hedge.. Family include the mulberry family named for American geologist William Maclure seem to be the world 's finest for! Brain 4 to 6 inches in diameter so be cautious if you have questions about using any photographs or,... Osage-Orange, trees are only five feet tall, occasionally as tall as 50 to 60 feet with air. Found to repel insects be used in any other manner, permission from the bois. Furniture and great for fence posts, treenails, furniture and great for post. Into the region found that natural concentrations of these compounds in the October 10, 1997 issue p.! Irregular crown French bois d'arc mean `` bow wood. '' placing apples! Building nailless structures, but turns brown with age originally appeared in the October 10, 1997, fortunately they! ’ s hard to do, your tree needs more or less water also the landscape.
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